NASA's PRIMA Telescope Moves to Phase B Development

NASA announced on September 23, 2026, that the PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) has advanced to Phase B of its development. This mission marks the first in a new class of NASA astrophysics missions known as Probe Explorers, which is part of the agency's long-established Explorers Program. Equipped with a 1.8-meter cryogenically cooled telescope, PRIMA aims to explore the history and evolution of the universe, offering insights into the formation of planets, stars, and black holes. Advancing to Phase B signifies a crucial stage in the mission's development, focusing on refining the preliminary design and advancing technology. If confirmed, the project cost for PRIMA is set at $1.2 billion, excluding launch and other related expenses. The telescope is slated for launch in 2033, with a planned five-year mission to conduct deep surveys of the universe in far-infrared light. This effort seeks to bridge the gap between existing infrared observatories, like NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, and radio telescopes.

PRIMA will investigate a variety of cosmic phenomena, including the origins of exoplanets, the growth and evolution of galaxies and their associated black holes, as well as the accumulation of dust and heavy elements in the universe. By examining radiant energy that emerges in the far-infrared spectrum, the mission aims to enhance understanding of the universe’s structure and development, contributing to a comprehensive view of why the universe appears as it does today. The mission was selected following a thorough evaluation of concept studies based on their scientific merit and feasibility. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California will manage the PRIMA mission, collaborating with various international partners, including CNES (France), ASI (Italy), DLR (Germany), CSA (Canada), KASI/KASA (South Korea), JAXA (Japan), and the UK Space Agency. This collaboration reflects a global commitment to advancing astrophysical research.

As part of NASA's ongoing efforts to maintain a robust pipeline of astrophysics missions, PRIMA is positioned to follow in the footsteps of earlier successful endeavors. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s 2020 Decadal Survey recommended the establishment of this new class of missions, highlighting the importance of continued exploration in astrophysics. By extending survey capabilities into far-infrared wavelengths, PRIMA aims to provide a comprehensive view of the cosmos and deepen understanding of its mysteries.